Traditional Gemstone mining. Sri Lanka, the “Ratnapura” or “City of Gems,” boasts a rich history of mining some of the world’s most coveted gemstones, particularly sapphires. But unlike modern, large-scale operations, traditional methods rely on time-tested techniques passed down through generations. Let’s delve into the fascinating steps of unearthing these treasures:
1. Prospecting and pit-head mining
- Gem hunters, armed with experience and sometimes knowledge of local geology, identify potential sites. This might involve studying soil composition or following ancient riverbeds.
- Once a promising location is chosen, the real work begins. Using pickaxes, shovels, and sometimes even controlled blasting, miners dig pits into the gem-bearing gravel.
2. Alluvial mining: Unearthing buried treasures
- Sri Lankan sapphires are primarily alluvial gemstones, meaning they were washed from their original rock formations and deposited in riverbeds or flood plains over time.
- Miners often utilize a natural water source or divert streams to expose these gem-rich gravel deposits.
3. Washing and sifting: separating the rough from the rest
- The extracted gravel is shoveled into a woven basket called a “kaththa.”
- This basket is then submerged and skillfully agitated in the water, allowing dirt and lighter materials to wash away.
- The remaining concentrate, potentially containing gemstones, is then meticulously sifted through various sized nets to separate different sized stones and gravel.
4. The eagle eye: Hand sorting the Gems
- Perhaps the most crucial step is the hand sorting. With keen eyes and years of experience, skilled sorters meticulously examine the remaining gravel under natural light.
- Trained to recognize the subtle glint or color variations of a potential gemstone, they carefully pick out these precious stones from the pile.
5. Cleaning and grading: Unveiling the beauty
- Once separated, the rough gemstones are cleaned further, removing any remaining dirt or grime.
- These stones are then graded based on various factors like color, clarity, cut, and size. This meticulous process determines the final value of the gemstone.
To Go further
Sri Lanka’s gem mining tradition transcends mere extraction; it’s a captivating dance between human effort, natural intuition, and a touch of faith. Let’s delve deeper into the captivating world of traditional gemstone mining, exploring its nuances and intricacies:
Propitiating the earth: Blessings before the dig
Before venturing underground, miners often perform a simple yet profound ritual. Offerings of flowers or lighting a decorated oil lamp appease the spirits of the earth, seeking protection and good fortune during the dig. This spiritual connection highlights the deep respect miners have for the land that harbors these treasures.
The Art of the Kaththa: A basket full of potential
The “kaththa,” a meticulously woven basket, is more than just a tool. Its design, with a fine mesh at the bottom and gradually larger gaps as it rises, allows for efficient sorting during the washing process. Skilled miners can handle a kaththa with impressive dexterity, separating large rocks while ensuring smaller gemstones don’t escape.
The human touch: A blend of tradition and skill
While modern technology plays a role in some Sri Lankan mines, the traditional methods remain an integral part of the process. It’s a testament to the skill and knowledge of generations of miners who have mastered the art of unearthing these dazzling gems.
Sri Lanka’s traditional mining methods face challenges. Environmental concerns and competition from mechanized operations necessitate a sustainable approach. However, initiatives are underway to marry traditional techniques with responsible mining practices. These efforts ensure the continuation of this age-old practice while protecting the environment for future generations.
The traditional gemstone mining of Sri Lanka is a captivating blend of human ingenuity, deep-rooted traditions, and a profound respect for nature. It’s a testament to the enduring spirit of Sri Lanka’s miners, who continue to unearth these hidden treasures, keeping the island nation’s reputation as the “Ratnapura” alive.
